Posted on 04. Nov, 2009 by Liz in Risk Mgmt, Treatment

Determining Level of Care (LOC)
How do we determine who should be admittted to Partial Hospital and how long will they will be allowed to continue their stay? In an effort to standardize criteria, the American Association of Community Psychiatrists (AACP) has developed an assessment tool called called “LOCUS – Level of Care Utilization System for Psychiatric and Addiction Services, Adult version 2010″.
LOCUS is based on 6 evaluation parameters:
- risk of harm;
- functional status;
- medical, addictive and psychiatric co-morbidity;
- recovery environment;
- treatment and recovery history; and
- engagement and recovery status.
Within these six dimensions is a 5-point scale to help score the dimensions.
The LOCUS criteria scale for Partial Hospital is summarized as follows:
| 1. |
Risk of Harm, 3 or below – MODERATE |
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- Significant current suicidal or homicidal ideation without intent or conscious plan and without past history.
- No active suicidal/homicidal ideation, but extreme distress and/or a history of suicidal/homicidal behavior exists.
- History of chronic impulsive suicidal/homicidal behavior or threats, but current expressions do not represent significant change from usual behavior.
- Binge or excessive use of substances resulted in potentially harmful behaviors in the past, but there have been no recent episodes.
- Some evidence of self-neglect and/or decrease in ability to care for oneself in current environment.
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| 2. |
Functional Status, 3 or below – MODERATE |
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- Recently conflicted, withdrawn, alienated or otherwise troubled in most significant relations, but maintains control of any impulsive, aggressive or abusive behaviors.
- Appearance and hygiene falls below usual standards on a frequent basis.
- Significant disturbances in physical functioning such as sleep, eating habits, activity level, or sexual appetite, but without a serious threat to health.
- Significant deterioration in ability to fulfill responsibilities and obligations to job, school, self, or significant others and these may be avoided or neglected on some occasions.
- Ongoing and/or variably sever deficits in interpersonal relationships, ability to engage in socially constructive activities, and ability to maintain responsibilities.
- Recent gains and/or stabilization in function have been achieved wile participating in treatment in a structures and/or protected setting.
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| 3. |
Co-Morbidity, 3 or below – MODERATE |
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- Medical conditions exist, or have potential to develop (such as diabetes or a mild physiological withdrawal syndrome), which may require significant medical monitoring.
- Medical conditions exist which may be created or adversely affected by the existence of the presenting disorder.
- Medical conditions exist which may adversely affect the course of the presenting disorder.
- Ongoing or episodic substance use occurring despite negative consequences with significant or potentitally significant negative impact on the course of any co-existing psychiatric disorder.
- Recent substance use which has had clearly detrimental effects on the presenting disorer but which has been temporarily arrested through use of a highly structured or protected setting or through other external means.
- Significant psychiatric symptoms and signs are present which are themselves somewhat debilitating, and which interact with and have an adverse affect on the course and severity of any co-existing substance use disorder.
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| 4. |
Recovery Environment
a. Level of Stress, 3 or below – MODERATE |
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- Significant discord or difficulties in family or other important relationships or alienation from social interaction.
- Significant transition causing disruption in life circumstances such as job loss, legal difficulties or change of residence.
- Recent important loss or deterioration of interpersonal or material circumstances.
- Concern related to sustained decline in health status.
- Danger in or near habitat.
- Easy exposure and access to alcohol and drug use.
- Perception that pressure to perform surpasses ability to meet obligations in a timely or adequate manner.
Recovery Environment
b. Level of Support, 3 or below – MODERATE
- A few supportive resources exist in current environment and may be capable of providing some help if needed.
- Usual sources of support may be somewhat ambivalent, alienated, difficult to access, or have a limited amount of resources they are willing or able to offer when needed.
- Persons who have potential to provide support have incomplete ability to participate in treatment and make necessary changes.
- Resources may be only partially utilized even when available.
- Limited constructive involvement with any professional sources of support that are available.
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| 5. |
Treatment & Recovery History, 3 or below – MODERATE |
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- Previous or current treatment has not achieved complete remission of symptoms or optimal control of symptoms.
- Previous treatment exposures have been marked by minimal effort or motivation and no significant success or recovery period was achieved.
- Unclear response to treatment and ability to maintain a significant recovery.
- At least partial recovery has been maintained for moderate periods of time, but only with strong professional or peer support or in structured settings.
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| 6. |
Engagement and Recovery Status, 3 or below – MODERATE |
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- Has some variablity, hesitation or uncertainty in acceptance or understanding of illness and disability.
- Has limited desire or lacks confidence to change despite intentions to do so (Preparation Stage, Prochaska & DiClemente).
- Relates to treatment with some difficulty and establishes few, if any, trusting relationships.
- Does not use available resources independently or only in cases of extreme need.
- Has limited ability to accept responsibility for recovery.
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Partial Hospital accepts persons whose mental condition does not warrant 24-hour a day supervised care. PHP patients must be medically stable and sufficiently organized in their thinking for participation in the structured group process. What rules out PHP participation are the following:
| Outpatient LOC |
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Inpatient LOC |
| At no or minimal risk for harm to self or others |
or |
At extreme or imminent risk of harm to self or others. |
| Has minimal or mild impairment of functioning with self, school, work, parenting, or other obligation. |
or |
Has serious or grave impairment of functioning with self, school, work, parenting, or other obligation. |
| Have no or minor medical, substance use, or psychiatric disturbance (apart from presenting symptomology) co-morbidity. |
or |
Has comorbid medical conditions, withdrawal syndrome, or underlying psychiatric issues that require 24-hour monitoring. |
| Has no to mild interpresonal or academic/occupational stress. Has adequate support and resources. |
or |
Has serious disruption in family, social, academic or occupational milieu. Has minimal to no support or resources. |
| No prior experience with treatment or recovery, or previous success with treatment or recovery. Did acheive remission. Has had success in maintaining therapeutic gains. |
or |
Has had poor response to prior treatment or recovery. Did not achieve remission. Has not been able to maintain therapeutic gains. |
| Has understanding, trust and hope for recovery. Actively works toward (Action Stage, Prochaska & DiClemente) and maintains therapeutic gain (Maintenance Stage, Prochaska & DiClemente). |
or |
Rarely, if ever, accepts, trusts or hopes for recovery. Has little to no desire for change. Extremely avoidant, frightened, or guarded. |
Tags: admission, inpatient, intake, level of care, mental health, outpatient, partical hospital
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